By MARK SHERMAN
Associated Press

WASHINGTON (AP) — The Supreme Court began its new term Monday by weighing whether patients and health-care providers in the Medicaid program for poor Americans can sue to block a state from cutting reimbursement rates.

California and the Obama administration argued that only the U.S. Health and Human Services Department gets to determine whether the rates a state uses to pay doctors and other providers complies with the federal Medicaid law. There was no consensus apparent among the justices Monday.

Even before the arguments began, the court rejected more than 1,800 appeals that had piled up during the justices' three-month summer break, including one from California jail officials who forced a Muslim woman to remove her head scarf and another from fried-chicken giant KFC Corp. objecting to taxes it has to pay in Iowa.

Chief Justice John Roberts also congratulated Justice Antonin Scalia on 25 years of service on the court, noting that Scalia listened to his first argument as a justice on the first Monday in October in 1986.

The term opened with high anticipation because the justices seem likely to confront President Barack Obama's health-care overhaul. Both the administration and opponents of the law have filed Supreme Court appeals.

Monday's case does not directly implicate the new law, although the expansion of Medicaid is a key element in the law's aim of extending coverage to more than 30 million Americans. Medicaid costs are shared by the federal and state governments.

Faced with large budget deficits, the California Legislature passed a law reducing Medicaid reimbursement rates by up to 10 percent. The Medicaid law says states have to maintain reimbursement rates that are sufficient to get providers to take part. States must submit proposed rate reductions to HHS, but the law is silent about whether private parties can go to court to keep payments from going down.

In this case, California put some of the lower rates in effect before submitting them to HHS. Multiple lawsuits followed and federal courts in California stepped in to block the new rates. Eventually, HHS also did not approve them, although California asked the department to reconsider the rejection.

Carter Phillips, a veteran Supreme Court lawyer who argued the case on behalf of patients and providers, said that without the federal court orders, there was no guarantee that doctors and hospitals would continue treating Medicaid patients.    

Roberts appeared strongly inclined to vote against Phillips' clients, saying the court generally does not allow private parties to sue unless a law expressly says they may.

Justice Stephen Breyer said he was troubled by giving federal judges too much authority to weigh in on the large number of payments made under Medicaid.

Others said the lawsuits were appropriate, in part because California put in place new rates before getting federal approval.

Justice Elena Kagan accused the state of an end run around the regulatory process.